1. COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN :

• 1. COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN :

  • Data processing:

  Process that involves transformation of data into information through classifying, sorting, merging, recording, retrieving, transmitting, or reporting is known as Data processing. Data processing can be manual or computer based.
  It can also be defined as "Manipulation of data by a computer". It includes the conversion of raw data to machine-readable form, flow of data through the CPU and memory to output devices, and formatting or transformation of output. Any use of computers to perform defined operations on data can be included under data processing. In the commercial world, data processing refers to the processing of data required to run organizations and businesses.
  For example: in case of research, school reports and websites such as Myspace for adults and Webkinz for children computer applications in data processing can be seen.
  A computer can perform only the following four operations which enable computers to carry out the various data processing activities:
  

  
  
  (a) Input/Output operations

  
  

  A computer can accept data (input) from and supply processed data 

  (output) to a wide range of input/output devices. These devices such as 

  keyboards, display screens, and printers make human-machine 

  communication possible.

  
  
  

  (b) Calculation and text manipulation Operations

  
  

  
  

  Computer circuits perform calculations on numbers. They are also 

  capable of manipulating numerics and other symbols used in text with 

  equal efficiency.

  
  
  

  (c) Logic/Comparison Operations

  
  

  
  

  A computer also possesses the ability to perform logic operations. For 

  example, if we compare two items represented by the symbols A and B, 

  there are only three possible outcomes. 

  A is less than B (A<B); A is equal to B (A=B): or A is greater than B (A>B). 

  A computer can perform such comparisons and the, depending on the 

  result, follow a predetermined path to complete its work. This ability to 

  compare is an important property of computers

  
  

  
  

  (d) Storage and Retrieval Operations

  
  

  
  

  Both data and program instructions are stored internally in a computer.

  Once they are stored in the internal memory, they can be called up quickly 

  or retrieved, for further use.

  
  
  

  • Industry and engineering:

  The aim of Computers in Industry is to publish original, high-quality, application-oriented research papers that:
  • Show new trends in and options for the use of Information and Communication Technology in industry;
  • Link or integrate different technology fields in the broad area of computer-applications for industry;
  • Link or integrate different application areas of ICT in industry.
  Also Industry and engineering is one of the earliest fields to utilize computers in research, education, and practice. Over the years, computers and electronic communication have become an integral part of industrial engineering.The development of new computerized methodologies for solving industrial engineering problems, and applications of these methodologies to problems of interest to the broad industrial engineering and associated communities are the major contributions of the computers.
  

  
  

  • Data Processing and Information processing:

  Data Processing is the execution of a systematic sequence of operations performed upon data to transform it into information whereas a concept that covers both the traditional concept of processing numeric and alphabetic data, and the processing of text, images and voices is information processing. Information processing further emphasizes that the production of information products for users should be the focus of processing activities.
  Information Processing is defined as "Acquisition, recording, organization, retrieval, display, and dissemination of information". Today the term usually refers to computer-based operations. Information processing consists of locating and capturing information, using software to manipulate it into a desired form, and outputting the data. An Internet search engine is an example of an information-processing tool, as is any sophisticated information retrieval system.
  
  
  

  
  

  LINKS:

  
  

  http://www.nios.ac.in/srsec330/330L2.pdf

  
  

  http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505646/description

  http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/information+processing
• 
  
• 
  
• 
  
WHAT  IS DBMS?

A database Management System(DBMS) is a set of computer programs that controls the creation, maintenance, use of a database. It allows organisations to place control of database development in the hands of database administrators(DBAs) and other specialists. A DBMS is a system software package that helps the use of integrated collection of data records and files known as databases. It allows different user application programs to easily access the same database.

COMPONENTS OF DBMS

Database Engine:

Database Engine is the core service for storing, processing, and securing data. The Database Engine provides controlled access and rapid transaction processing to meet the requirements of the most demanding data consuming applications within the enterprise. Use the Database Engine to create relational databases for online transaction processing or online analytical processing data. This includes table for storing data, and database objects such as indexes, views, and stored procedures for viewing, managing and securing data. You can use SQL Server Management Studio to manage the database objects, and SQL Server Profiler for capturing server events.

Database Dictionary:

A Database Dictionary is a reserved space within a database which is used to store information about the database itself. A database dictionary is a set of table and views which can only be read and never altered. Most data dictionary contain different information about the data used in the enterprise. In terms of database representation of the data, the data table defines all schema objects including views, tables, clusters, indexes, sequences, synonyms, procedures, packages, functions, triggers, and many more. These will ensure that all these things follow one standard defined in the dictionary. The data dictionary also defines how much space has been allocated for and/or currently in used by all the schema objects. A Data Dictionary is used when finding information about users, objects, schema, and storage structures. Every time a data definition language(DDL) statement is issued, the data dictionary becomes modified.

A data dictionary may contain information such as:

Database design information
Stored SQL procedures
User permissions
User statistics
Database process information
Database growth statistics
Database performance statistics


Data Definition:

It helps user to create and maintain the data dictionary and define the structure of the files in a database.

Data Manipulation:

It helps user to add, change, and delete information in a database and query it for valuable information. Software tools within the data manipulation subsystem are most often the primary interface between user and information contained in a database. It allows user to specify its logical information requirements.

Application Generation:

It contains facilities to help users to develop transaction-intensive applications. It usually requires that user perform a detailed series of tasks to process a transaction. It facilitates easy-to-use data entry screens, programming languages, and interfaces.

Data Administration:

It helps users to manage the overall database environment by providing facilities for backup and recovery, security management, quere optimization, concurrency control, and change management.